UTILIZING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS AS SCAFFOLDING IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION

Abstract

This systematic review maps research on artificial intelligence (AI) tools used to scaffold mathematics learning. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases on August 15, 2025. Of 88 records identified, 29 articles met the inclusion criteria. A Data Analysis Form organized extraction around six questions: publication year, methodology, tools, mathematical topics, advantages, and limitations. Categories were derived through content analysis and are reported as frequencies. Nine articles used qualitative methods, ten quantitative, and ten mixed; experimental designs were the most common (f = 11). ChatGPT (f = 15) and Gemini were the tools reported most often, and problems (f = 12) and geometry (f = 7) the most studied topics. Immediate feedback (f = 17), individualized learning (f = 13), and interest, curiosity, and motivation (f = 11) were the advantages reported most often. Creative and critical thinking (f = 11), reliability and ethics (f = 10), and access and infrastructure (f = 9) were the most frequent limitations. These counts record what the reviewed studies reported and do not establish effect sizes.

Keywords: artificial intelligence tools, scaffolding approach, mathematics education, systematic review

Ethics and Conflict of Interest

This study was conducted using the systematic review method on previously published, publicly available journal articles. It involves no human or animal participants and no collection of personal data; therefore, ethics committee approval is not required under the TR Dizin ethical criteria. All procedures were nevertheless carried out in accordance with the relevant ethical principles, guidelines, and regulations governing scientific research and publication. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All three authors contributed equally to the design of the study, the data extraction and analysis, and the writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Artificial intelligence-based tools were used solely for language support. The authors are fully responsible for the accuracy and integrity of the manuscript.

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